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Certified Court Reporters,Inc.
A reporter who has an understanding of the proper terminology is key
to an excellent transcript and you can only get that through experience. Although court reporters, medical transcriptionists, and stenographers all transcribe spoken words, the specific responsibilities of each of these professionals differ markedly. Court reporters and stenographers take verbatim reports of speeches, conversations, legal proceedings, meetings, and other events when written accounts of spoken words are necessary for correspondence, records, or legal proof. Our medical court reporters also has an understanding translate and records dictation by physicians and other healthcare providers regarding patient assessment and treatment.
A Medical Court Reporter needs to have the experience in transcribing by typically taking verbatim testimony or listening to recordings by physicians and other healthcare professionals. Our medical reporters transcribe a variety of medical reports about emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. To understand and accurately transcribe testimony into a format that is clear and comprehensible for the reader, the medical reporter must understand the language of medicine, anatomy and physiology, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. They also must be able to translate medical jargon and abbreviations into their expanded forms. After reviewing and editing for grammar and clarity, the medical reporter produces a final, accurate and meticulous transcript in printed or electronic form.
Abduction
Movement of a body part away from median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits). Monocular rotation of the eye toward the temple. A position resulting from such movemAdduction
Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits). Monocular rotation of the eye toward the nose. A position resulting from such movement.
Aberrant
Wandering off; said of certain ducts, vessels, or nerves deviating from normal course or pattern. Differing from the norm.
Apparent
Open to view; appearing as actual to the eye or mind.
Absorption
Taking in, incorporation or reception of gases, liquids, light, or heat. In radiology, uptake of energy from radiation by the tissue or medium through which it passes.
Adsorption
Property of a solid substance to attract and hold to its surface a gas, liquid, or a substance in solution or in suspension.
Ablation
Surgical excision or amputation of a body part or tissue
Abrasion
The process of wearing down or rubbing away by means of friction
Access
A means of entering or exiting
Assess
Evaluate or appraise
Axis
Abstract line used as positional referent
Achymosis
Lacking in gastric juice or other digestive secretions. Having no chyle.
Ecchymosis
A purplish patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin, differing from petechiae (minute hemorrhagic spots, of pinpoint to pinhead size, in the skin which are not blanched by diascopy) only in size (larger than 3 mm diameter).
Echinosis
A condition in which the red blood cells have lost their smooth outlines, resembling an echinus or sea urchin.
Adherence
Act or quality of sticking to something; extent to which the patient continues the agreed-upon mode of treatment under limited supervision.
Adherent
One that adheres; as a follower of a leader, party or profession.
Advice (noun)
Opinion
Advise (verb)
To give advise or counsel
Affect
Emotional feeling, tone and mood attached to a thought, including its external manifestations. (We were deeply affected by our sound-alike list).
Effect
The result or consequence of an action. (The effect of the sound-alike list was deeply appreciated).
Afferent
Inflowing; conducting toward a center, denoting certain arteries, veins, lymphatics and nerves.
Inverted
To turn around, upside down
Efferent
Conducting (fluid or a nerve impulse) outward from a given organ or part thereof; example: efferent connections of a group of nerve cells, efferent blood vessels or the excretory duct of an organ.
Everted
To turn inside out or outward
Affusion
Pouring of water upon the body or any of its parts for therapeutic purposes
Effusion
Escape of fluid from the blood vessels or lymphatics into the tissue or cavity
Infusion
Introduction of solution; soaking a substance in water in order to extract its soluble constituents
Alveolar
Relating to alveolus.
Alveolate
Pitted like a honeycomb.
Alveoli
Plural of alveolus.
Alveolus
A small cell, cavity or socket. One of the honeycomb pits in the wall of the stomach.
Amenorrhea
Absence or abnormal cessation of the menses.
Menorrhea
The normal discharge of the menses; profuse menstruation.
Menorrhagia
Abnormally profuse menstrual flow.
Anicteric
Not jaundiced, not yellow.
Icteric
Relating to or marked by jaundice.
Antiseptic
Relating to antisepsis; an agent or substance capable of effecting antisepsis.
Antisepsis
Prevention of infection; disinfection.
Aphagia
Inability to eat.
Aphakia
Absence of the lens of the eye.
Aphasia
Impaired or absent comprehension or production of, or communication by, speech, writing, or signs, due to acquired lesion of the dominant cerebral hemisphere.
Abasia
The inability to walk.
Apophysis
An outgrowth or projection, especially one from a bone. A bony process or outgrowth that lacks an independent center of ossification.
Epiphysis
A part of a long bone developed from a center of ossification distinct that of the shaft and separated by a layer of cartilage.
Apophyseal
A natural swelling, projection, or outgrowth of an organ or part, such as the process of a vertebra.
Apothecial
A disk-shaped or cup-shaped ascocarp of some lichens and the fungi Ascomycetes
Appose
To place in proximity
Oppose
To move back and forth
Apposition
The placing in contact of two substances; condition of being placed or fitted together; the relationship of fracture fragments to one another. The process of thickening of the cell wall.
Opposition
something that opposes; a body of persons opposing something.
Apprise
To inform
Appraise
To set a value on
Areolar
Relating to an areola. (adjective)
Areola
Any small area; a nipple; pigmented, depigmented or erythematous zone surrounding a papule, pustule or neoplasm.
Arteriostenosis
Narrowing of the caliber of an artery, either temporary, through vasoconstriction or permanent, through arteriosclerosis.
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries; types generally recognized are atherosclerosis, Monckeberg's a., and arteriolosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis characterized by irregularly distributed lipid deposits in the intima of large and medium sized arteries; such deposits provoke fibrosis and calcification.
Atherosclerotic
(Adj., atherosclerosis)
Escharotic
Caustic or corrosive.
Arthroscopic
Examination of joint with arthroscope
Orthoscopic
Giving an image in correct and normal proportions with a minimum of distortion
Asepsis
A condition in which living pathogenic organisms are absent; a state of sterility.
Aseptic
Marked by or relating to asepsis.
Atopy
An allergy characterized by symptoms (as asthma, hay fever, or hives) produced upon exposure to the exciting antigen.
Ectopy
An abnormal location or position of an organ or a body part:CARDIAC: Regular rate and rhythm. No ectopy.
Aura
Subjective symptoms occurring at the onset of a partial epileptic seizure; characteristic for the brain region involved in the seizure visual aura, occipital lobe auditory aura, temporal lobe. Also subjective symptoms at the onset of a migraine headache.
Aural
Relating to the ear (auris). Relating to an aura.
Oral
Relating to the mouth.
Auscultation
Listening to the sounds made by the various body structures as a diagnostic method.
Oscillation
A to and fro movement.
Averted
To turn away or aside.
Everted
Turned outward.
Inverted
Reversed in position or order; turned upside down.
Avulsion
Tearing away (fracture)
Evulsion
Forcible pulling out or extraction
Bare
Lacking a natural, usual or appropriate covering. Open to view, exposed.
Bear
To support a weight or strain. Smokey the ---
Basal
Situated nearer the base of a pyramid-shaped organ in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of apical. Denoting a standard or reference state of a function, as a basis for comparison.
Basil
Any of several plants of the mint family. (Basilar is a medical term relating to the lungs or the base of an object basil is not)
Bases
The bottom of something, considered as its support. That part of a bodily organ by which it is attached to another more central structure of the organism.
Basis
The bottom of something considered as its foundation; the principal component of something; something on which something else is established or based.
Bile
Yellowish brown or green fluid secreted by the liver and discharged the duodenum where it aids in the emulsification of fats, increase peristalsis, and slows putrefaction.
Bowel
One of the divisions of the intestine.
Bisect
To cut or divide into two parts, especially two equal parts.
Dissect
To cut apart or separate (tissue), especially for anatomical study.
Bolus
A single, relatively large quantity of a substance, usually one intended for therapeutic use, such as a dose of a drug. A masticated morsel of food or another substance ready to be swallowed, such as a barium for x-ray studies. In high energy radiation th
Bulla
(Pl bullae) large blister appearing as a circumscribed area of separation of the epidermis from the subepidermal structure caused by the presence of serum or an injected substance; a bubble-like structure.
Breadth
Distance from side to side; something of full width. (i.e., finger-breadths)
Breath
Respired air.
Bronchi
Plural of bronchus. Pertaining to the two subdivisions of the trachea serving to convey air to and from the lungs.
Rhonchi
An added sound with a musical pitch occurring during inspiration or expiration, heard on auscultation of the chest, and caused by air passing through bronchi that are narrowed by inflammation, spasm of smooth muscle, or presence of mucus in the lumen.
Bruit
A harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one.
Brute
Characteristic of an animal in quality, action or instinct.
Calculous
Caused or characterized by a calculus or calculi.
Calculus
A concretion formed in any part of the body, most commonly in the passages of the biliary and urinary tracts; usually composed of salts of inorganic or organic acids, or of other material such as cholesterol.
Caliculus
A bud shaped or cup shaped structure, resembling the closed calyx of a flower. (Like taste bud or optic cup.)
Callous
Relating to a callus or callosity.
Callus
A composite mass of tissue that forms at a fracture site to establish continuity between the bone ends.
Cancellous
Denoting bone that has a lattice like structure, as in spongy bone.
Cancellus
A lattice like structure, as in spongy bone.
Canker
In man, an outmoded term for aphthae. Aphthae in the singular, a small ulcer on a mucous membrane.
Chancre
Primary lesion of syphilis, begins at the site of infection after an interval of 10 to 30 days as a papule or area of infiltration, of dull red color, hard and insensitive; the center usually becomes eroded or breaks down into an ulcer that heals slowly a
Carbuncle
Deep seated pyogenic (pus forming) infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, usually arising in several contiguous hair follicles, with formation of connecting sinuses; often preceded or accompanied by fever, malaise and prostration.
Caruncle
A small reddish body at the medial angle of the eye, containing modified sebaceous and sweat glands.
Carotid
Relating to the carotid arteries
Parotid
Gland situated near the ear
Carpus
Wrist bone.
Corpus
Any body or mass; the main part of an organ or other anatomical structure, as distinguished from the head or tail.
Cecal
Relating to the cecum (cul de sac, about 6 cm in depth, lying below the terminal ileum forming the first part of the large intestine; any similar structure ending in a cul de sac), ending blindly or in a cul de sac.
Fecal
Relating to feces.
Fetal
Relating to a fetus; in utero development after the eighth week.
Thecal
Relating to a sheath, especially a tendon, i.e., thecal sac.
Chord
A straight line joining two points on a curve; an individual emotion or disposition; three or more musical tones sounded simultaneously.
Cord
An anatomical structure (as a nerve or the umbilical cord) resembling a cord; a long slender flexible material usually consisting of several strands woven or twisted together.
Cillosis
Obsolete term for spasmodic twitching of an eyelid.
Psilosis
Falling out of the hair.
Cirrhosis
Progressive disease of the liver characterized by diffuse damage to hepatic parenchymal cells, with nodular regeneration, fibrosis and disturbance of normal architecture; associated with failure in the function of hepatic cells and interference with blood
Xerosis
Pathologic dryness of the skin (xeroderma), the conjunctiva (xerophthalmia) or the mucous membranes.
Sclerosis
In neuropathy, induration of nervous and other structures by a hyperplasia of the interstitial fibrous or glial connective tissue.
Serosa
The outermost coat or serous layer of a visceral structure that lies in the body cavities of abdomen or thorax; it consists of a surface layer of mesothelium reinforced by irregular fibroelastic connective tissue.
Cirrhosis
A chronic disease of the liver
Psoriasis
An inflammatory skin disease
Xerosis
Abnormal dryness of the skin
Cite
To arouse, summon (as appear in a court of law). To quote (a passage). To refer to or mention as by way of an example, proof or precedent. To stir to action; arouse.
Site
The place where something is, was or is to be; location or scene.
Coarse
Rough in texture; harsh, raucous or rough in tone.
Course
The path over which something moves or extends; accustomed procedure or normal action.
Confusion
A mental state in which reactions to environmental stimuli are inappropriate because the person is bewildered, perplexed or unable to orientate himself.
Contusion
Any mechanical injury (usually caused by a blow) resulting in hemorrhage beneath unbroken skin.
Convulsion
A violent spasm or series of jerkings of the face, trunk or extremities.
Cor
Heart (i.e, cor S1, S2; cor pulmonale).
Core
Central mass of necrotic tissue in a boil; central point.
Corps
A group of persons associated together or acting under common direction.
Corpse
dead body, cadaver.
Corpus
Any body or mass; the main part of an organ or other anatomical structure, as distinguished from the head or tail.
Crepitant
Related to crepitation (crackling the quality of a fine bubbling sound (rale); sensation felt at broken ends of bone moved together in which gas gangrene may be present).
Crepitus
A noisy discharge of gas from the intestine.
Cytology
Study of anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell.
Psychology
The profession, scholarly discipline and science concerned with the behavior of humans and animals and related mental and physiological processes.
Sitology
Knowledge of food, diet and nutrition.
Deflexion
Term used to describe the fetal head in relation to the maternal pelvis in which the head is descending in a nonflexed or extended attitude.
Deflection
A moving to one side; in an EEG a deviation of the curve.
Denervation
Loss of nerve supply.
Enervation
Failure of nerve force; weakening.
Innervation
The supply of nerve fibers functionally connected with a part.
Descended
Extending downward
Distended
Expand, swell
Diaphysis
Inflammation of the shaft of a long bone.
Diastasis
Any simple separation of normally joined parts; mid portion of diastole when the blood enters the ventricle slowly or ceases to enter prior to atrial systole.
Diathesis
Constitutional or inborn state disposing to a disease, group of diseases or metabolic or structural anomaly.
Differed
To be unlike
Deferred
To put off, postpone
Dilation
Physiologic or artificial enlargement of a hollow structure or opening; the act of stretching or enlarging an opening or the lumen of a hollow structure.
Dilatation
The act of dilation; to manually or mechanically dilate.
Discreet
Having or showing good judgement in conduct especially speech.
Discrete
Separate; distinct; not joined to or incorporated with another; denoting especially certain lesions of the skin.
Dysbasia
Difficulty in walking; the difficult or distorted walking that occurs in persons with certain mental disorders.
Dyscrasia
A morbid general state resulting from the presence of abnormal material in the blood, usually applied to diseases affecting blood cells or platelets; old term indicating disease.(Abnormal imbalance in some part of the body).
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing.
Dysphasia
Impairment in the production of speech and failure to arrange words in an understandable way; caused by an acquired lesion of the brain.
Dyspragia
Painful performance of any organ.
Dyspraxia
Impaired or painful functioning in any organ.
Dystaxia
Difficulty in controlling voluntary movements.
Ecdemic
Denoting a disease brought into a region from without.
Endemic
Said of a disease prevailing continually in a region; present in a community or among a group of people.
Epidemic
Occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health related behavior or other health related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.
Pandemic
Denoting a disease affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, continent; extensively epidemic.
Effusion
The escape of a fluid from anatomical vessels by rupture or exudation
Fusion
The merging or coherence of adjacent parts or bodies
Ejection
The act of driving or throwing out by physical force; in a heart murmur a diamond-shaped systolic murmur produced by the ejection of blood into the aorta or pulmonary artery.
Injection
Introduction of a medicinal substance or nutrient material into the subcutaneous tissue, muscular tissue, a vein, an artery, the rectum, the vagina, urethra or other canals or cavities of the body; an injectable pharmaceutical preparation.
Elicit
To draw forth; evoke. To cause to be revealed.
Illicit
Not allowed by law, custom, rule, etc.; unlawful
Embolism
Obstruction or occlusion of a vessel by an embolus.
Embolus
A plug, composed of a detached thrombus or vegetation, mass of bacteria or other foreign body, occluding a vessel.
Ental
Inside
Intal
Allergy medication
Enteric
Relating to the intestine.
Icteric
Relating to or marked by jaundice.
Erasion
Obsolete term for the scraping away of tissue, especially of bone.
Erosion
Wearing away or a state of being worn away, as by friction or pressure; a shallow ulcer; in the stomach and intestine, an ulcer limited to the mucosa, with no penetration of the muscularis mucosa.
Erythema
Redness of the skin due to capillary dilatation.
Erythremia
Polycythemia vera.
Eurhythmia
Harmonious body relationships of the separate organs.
Arrhythmia
Loss of rhythm.
Erythromycin
Antibiotic
Azithromycin
Antibiotic
Eschar
A thick, coagulated crust or slough which develops following a thermal burn or chemical or physical cauterization of the skin.
Scar
The fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues destroyed by injury or disease. (S-scar is an incorrect term).
Etiology
The cause or origin of a disease
Ideology
A set of beliefs or doctrines
Exfoliations
The peeling of the horny layer of the skin. The shedding of surface components (as cells from internal body surfaces when diseased)
Excoriations
The act of abrading or wearing off the skin. A raw irritated lesion (as of the skin or a mucosal surface)
Facial
Relating to the face
Fascial
Relating to the fascia (fibrous tissue)
Faucial
Relating to the fauces (the space between the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx, bounded by the soft palate and the base of the tongue.
Fasciculation
Involuntary contractions of groups of muscle fibers
Vesiculation
Blistering
Feces
The matter discharged from the bowel during defecation, consisting of the undigested residue of the food, epithelium, the intestinal mucus, bacteria and waste material from the food.
Facies
An appearance and expression of the face characteristic of a particular condition, esp. when abnormal.
Flair
A natural talent or aptitude; a knack: a flair for interior decorating. Also an acronym for Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (MRI sequence)
Flare
To expand or open outward in shape: Distal PIP pain, likely osteoarthritis flare.
Flexor
A muscle the action of which is to flex a joint.
Flexure
A bend, as in an organ or structure.
Foci
Plural of focus.
Fossa
(Pl. fossae) a depression usually more or less longitudinal in shape below level of the surface of a part.
Fascia
A sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue enveloping, separating, or binding together muscles, organs, and other soft structures of the body.
Also A broad and distinct band of color.
Fundi
Plural of fundus. The bottom or lowest part of a sac or hollow organ; that part farthest removed from the opening or exit; occasionally a broad cul de sac.
Fungi
Plural of fungus. A general term used to encompass the diversive morphological forms of yeasts and molds.
Fundus
See fundi
Fungus
See fungi
Gastroscopy
Inspection of the inner surface of the stomach through an endoscope.
Gastrostomy
Establishment of a new opening into the stomach.
Gastrotomy
Incision into the stomach.
Gavage
Forced feeding by stomach tube; therapeutic use of a high potency diet administered by stomach tube.
Lavage
Washing out of a hollow cavity or organ by copious injections and rejections of fluid.
Glands
Organized aggregation of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ.
Glans
A conical acorn shaped structure.
Groove
A long, narrow canal
Grove
A group of trees
Heal
To restore to health or soundness; cure.
Heel
The rounded posterior portion of the human foot under and behind the ankle.
heroin
A highly addictive, white, odorless narcotic derived from morphine.
heroine
A female of heroic character.
Ileum
Third portion of the small intestine, 12 feet in length, extends from jejunum to the ileocecal opening. Distinct from the jejunum in being typically smaller in diameter with thinner walls.
Ilium
Broad, flaring portion of the hip bone
Ileus
Superior portion of the hip bone
Incite
Bring into being, induce to exist or occur
Insight
Understanding, awareness
Infection
Multiplication of parasitic organisms within the body; multiplication of usual bacterial flora of the intestinal tract is not usually viewed.
Inflection
Inward bending; obsolete term for diffraction (same as in flexion).
Infraction
A fracture; especially one without displacement.
Infarction
Sudden insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply.
Ingestion
Introduction of food and drink into the stomach; incorporation of particles into the cytoplasm of a phagocytic cell by invagination of a portion of the cell membrane as a vacuole.
Injection
Introduction of a medicinal substance or nutrient material into the subcutaneous tissue, muscular tissue, a vein, an artery, the rectum, the vagina, urethra or other canals or cavities of the body; an injectable pharmaceutical preparation.
Insulin
A polypeptide hormone that promotes glucose utilization, protein synthesis and the formation and storage of neutral lipids.
Inulin
A hygroscopic powder used by intravenous injection to determine the rate of glomerular filtration; also used in bread for diabetics.
Insure
To give or take out insurance.
Ensure
To make sure or certain; guarantee; secure. To make safe or protect. Brand name dietary supplement
Keratose
Keratotic, relating to or marked by keratosis.
Keratosis
An area of skin marked by overgrowth of horny tissue.
Ketosis
A carbohydrate containing the characteristic carbonyl group of ketones.
Labile
Unsteady
Labial
Relating to the lips
Liable
Legally obligated; responsible
Laceration
A torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound; the process or act of tearing the tissues.
Maceration
Softening by the action of a liquid; softening of tissues after death; seen especially in stillborns.
Lipoma
A benign neoplasm of adipose tissue, comprised of mature fat cells.
Lipomyoma
Myolipoma.
Liver
Largest gland in the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium and upper part of the epigastrium; secretes bile.
Livor
Livid discoloration of the skin on the dependent parts of a corpse.
Loose
Free of anything that restrains
Lose
To misplace something
Luminol
An almost white to yellow crystalline compound C 8H 7N 3O 2 that gives a brilliant bluish luminescence when it is treated in alkaline solution
Luminal
Of or relating to a lumen
Malleus
Structure in the inner ear
Malleolus
A bone on either side of the ankle
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast.
Mastoiditis
Inflammation of any part of the mastoid process (ear).
Medal
A piece of metal given as an award of achievement
Metal
Chemical element as distinguished from an alloy
Menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy menstruation
Menorrhalgia
Painful menstruation
Metrorrhagia
Uterine bleeding, not due to menses
Metacarpal
Relating to the metacarpus; any one of the metacarpal bones.
Metatarsal
Relating to the metatarsus or to one of the metatarsal bones.
Metaphysis
A conical section of bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones.
Metastasis
(Pl metastases) transfer of a disease-producing agency from the site of disease to another part of the body.
Metrorrhagia
Any irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus between periods.
Menorrhagia
Abnormally profuse menstrual flow.
Mucoid
General term for a mucin, mucoprotein or glycoprotein.
Mucor
A genus of fungi (class Zygomycetes, family Mucoraceae).
Mucosa
A mucous tissue lining various tubular structures.
Mucosal
Relating to the mucosa or mucous membrane.
Mucosin
A form of mucin, as that of the nasal and uterine cavities.
Mucous
Relating to mucus or a mucous membrane. (adjective)
Mucus
The clear viscid secretion of the mucous membranes, consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes and various inorganic salts suspended in water. (noun)
Myelogram
Radiographic contrast study of the spinal subarachnoid space and its contents.
Myogram
The tracing made by a myograph.
Narcosis
General and nonspecific reversible depression of neuronal excitability, produced by a number of physical and chemical agents, usually resulting in stupor rather than anesthesia.
Necrosis
Pathologic death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage.
Nephrosis
Degeneration of renal tubular epithelium.
Neurosis
A functional nervous disease or one for which there is no evident lesion. A psychological or behavioral disorder in which anxiety is the primary characteristic; defense mechanisms or any of the phobias are the adjustive techniques which an individual lear
Nitrate
Salt of nitric acid; medication
Nitrite
Salt of nitrous acid; found in urinalysis
Obfuscation
A deliberate attempt to confuse or to prevent understanding.
Obstipation
Intestinal obstruction; severe constipation.
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth.
Aural
Pertaining to or perceived by the ear.
Oscillation
A to and fro movement.
Oscitation
Yawning.
Osculation
The act of kissing.
Palate
The roof of the mouth having a complete or partial separation of the oral and nasal cavities.
Palette
A board which an artist can hold while painting and on which the artist mixes colors
Pallesthesia
The appreciation of vibration, a form of pressure sense; most acute when a vibrating tuning fork is applied over a bony prominence.
Paresthesia
Abnormal sensation such as burning, tickling or tingling.
Palliation
Affording relief, but not cure.
Palpation
Examination with hands, feeling for organs, masses or infiltration of a part of the body, feeling the heart or pulse beat, vibrations in the chest, etc.
Papillation
Marked by nipple-like elevations.
Palpitation
Beat rapidly and strong.
Pandemic
Denoting a disease affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, continent; extensively epidemic.
Endemic
Said of a disease prevailing continually in a region; present in a community or among a group of people.
Papillary
Of, relating to, or resembling a papilla papillose.
Pupillary
Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.
Para
Prefix: Closely related to (paraldehyde)
Peri
Prefix: Around; about; enclosing: (perimysium) Near: (perinatal)
Parietitis
Inflammation of the wall of an organ.
Parotiditis
Inflammation of the parotid gland.
Parotitis
Inflammation of the parotid glands.
Parous
Pertaining to parity.
Pars
A part; portion.
Porous
Having openings that pass directly or indirectly through the substance.
Particle
A very small piece or portion of anything.
Pectineal
Ridged; relating to the os pubis or to any comblike structure.
Pedicle
A constricted portion or stalk. A stalk by which a nonsessile tumor is attached to normal tissue. A stalk through which a flap receives nourishment until its transfer to another site results in the nourishment coming from that site.
Peduncle
In neuroanatomy, term loosely applied to a variety of stalklike connecting structures in the brain, composed either exclusively of white matter or of white and gray matter.
Pellicle
Literally and nonspecifically, a thin skin. A film or scum on the surface of a liquid.
Perform
To act on so as to accomplish or bring to completion; execute; carry out.
Preform
To form in advance.
Perfuse
To force blood or other fluid to flow
Profuse
Abundant
Peroneal
Of or relating to the fibula or to the outer portion of the leg
Perineal
Relating to the region between the scrotum and the anus in males and between the posterior vulva junction and the anus of females
Perennial
Lasting or active through the year or many years, e.g., perennial rhinitis
Peritoneal
Of or relating to the serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Plain
Free from obstructions; open; clear: in plain view.
Plane
A flat or level surface.
Pleural
The delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side.
Plural
Relating to or composed of more than one member, set, or kind
Pleuritic
Inflammation of lung tissue
Pruritic
Itching
Portal
The point at which something enters the body (~s of infection). Of, relating to, or being a portal vein or a portal system.
Porthole
A small, usually circular window in a ship's side
Principle
The ultimate source, origin or cause of something. A natural or original tendency, faculty or endowment. A fundamental truth, law, doctrine or motivating force, upon which others are based. A rule of conduct. An essential element, constituent or quality,
Principal
The first in rank, authority, importance, degree. A principal person, chief; head.
Prostate
A chestnut shaped body, surrounding the beginning of the urethra in the male.
Prostrate
Completely overcome and lacking vitality, will or power to rise.
Pruritic
(Adj.) of pruritus an itching.
Pyritic
(Adj.) any of various metallic-looking sulfides of which pyrite is the commonest.
Radical
Designed to remove the root of a disease or all diseased tissue.
Radicle
A rootlet or structure resembling one, as a vein, a minute veinlet joining with others to form a vein, a nerve fiber which joins others to form a nerve.
Radicular
Of or relating to a root-like structure, "radicular pain symptoms"
Reticular
Resembling a net in form; netlike
Reflex
An involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the nervous centers in the brain or spinal cord. Most of the deep reflexes listed as subentries are stretch or myotatic reflexes, elicited by striking a tendon o
Reflux
A backward flow.
Regimen
A strictly regulated scheme of diet, exercise or other activity for therapy, and/or the maintenance or improvement of health.
Regiment
To organize in a rigid system under strict discipline and control. A military unit of ground troops.
Regime
A period of time a system is in power.
Scirrhous
Hard; relating to a scirrhus.
Scirrhus
Obsolete term for any fibrous indurated area, especially an indurated carcinoma.
Serous
Relating to, containing, or producing serum or a substance having a watery consistency.
Sedentary
Not migratory; permanently attached.
Sedimentary
Relating to, or containing sediment; formed by or from deposits of sediment.
Separation
The state of being separated; a point, line or means of division.
Suppuration
The formation of pus.
Suppression
Deliberately excluding from conscious thought. Arrest of the secretion of a fluid, such as urine or bile. Checking of an abnormal flow or discharge, as in suppression of a hemorrhage.
Sepsis
The presence of various pus forming and other pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues.
Septic
Relating to or caused by sepsis.
Sequella
A secondary consequence.
Sequela
A diseased condition following, and usually resulting from, a previous disease.
Shoddy
Cheap or done poorly
Shotty
A rubbery feel, "shotty adenopathy"
Somatic
Relating to, or affecting the body esp. as distinguished from the germ plasm or the psyche.
Semantic
Relating to meaning in language.
Stasis
Stagnation of the blood or other fluids.
Status
A state or condition.
Staxis
Hemorrhage.
Stent
Device used to maintain a bodily orifice or cavity, "coronary stent"
Stint
Fixed amount or share of duty allotted, "She served her stint on jury duty"
Stoma
A minute opening or pore. An artifical opening between two cavities or canals, or between such and the surface of the body.
Stroma
The framework, usually of connective tissue, of an organ, gland or other structure, as distinguished from the parenchyma or specific substance of the part.
Subtle
Hard to detect
Supple
Limber, "neck is supple"
Subungual
Beneath the nail
Sublingual
Under the tongue
Sycosis
A pustular folliculitis, particularly of the bearded area.
Psychosis
A mental or behavioral disorder.
Taenia
A coiled band-like anatomical structure. Common name for a tapeworm.
Tenia
Any anatomical band-like structure.
Tinea
A fungus infection of the keratin component of hair, skin or nails.
Tenonitis
Inflammation of Tenon's capsule or the connective tissue within Tenon's space.
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon. Less preferred spelling is tendonitis.
Thenar
Applied to any structure in relation with the thenar eminence or its underlying collective components.
Thinner
More thin.
Their
Possessive pronoun "It is their house, not mine."
There
Indicates a place "Not here, over there."
They're
Contraction of two words they and are "They're returning home tonight."
Tic
Local and habitual spasmodic motion of particular muscles, esp. the face; persistent trait of character or behavior.
Tick
Any of numerous bloodsucking arachnids; the fabric case of a mattress or pillow; an audible tap or beat; to mark off.
Too
Also. "I'm going too."
Two
The number between one and three.
To
All other uses not covered by two rules above.
Trachelotomy
Incision of the cervix uteri.
Tracheotomy
The operation of opening into the trachea, usually intended to be temporary
Track
Path along which something has moved and left a mark, like a needle track
Tract
1) collection of nerve fibers that have a common origin, function and termination, such as spinal tract; or, 2) group of organs that are arranged serially and together to perform a common function, such as GI tract; or, 3) abnormal passage through tissue,
Tympanites
Swelling of the abdomen from gas in the intestinal or peritoneal cavity.
Tympanitis
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane.
Ureter
The thick-walled tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder; it consists of an abdominal part and a pelvic part, is lined with transitional epithelium surrounded by smooth muscle, both circular and longitudinal and is covered extern
Urethra
A canal leading from the bladder, discharging the urine externally.
Vagus
(a.k.a. vagus nerve) either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves that arise from the medulla and supply chiefly the viscera mostly with autonomic sensory and motor fibers (wandering nerve).
Valgus
Bent or twisted outward away from the midline or body; modern accepted usage, particularly in orthopedics.
Variceal
Of or pertaining to a varix.
Varicocele
Condition manifested by abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord.
Varicella
An acute contagious disease, usually occurring in children, caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Like smallpox, although less severe and varying in stages, usually with mild constitutional symptoms; incubation period is about 14 to 17 days.
Varicose
Relating to, affected with, or characterized by varices or varicosis.
Verrucose
Resembling a wart; denoting wart-like elevations. (also verrucous).
Varus
Bent or twisted inward toward the midline of the limb or body; modern accepted usage, particularly in orthopedics.
Varix
A dilated vein.
Venous
Relating to a vein or to the veins.
Venus
Roman goddess of love and beauty; the planet second in order from the sun.
Verses
Single metrical lines in a poetic composition.
Versus
As the alternative to or in contrast with
Vesical
Relating to any bladder, but usually the urinary bladder.
Vesicle
A small (less than 0.5 cm) circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid. A small sac containing liquid or gas.
Vessel
A structure conveying or containing a fluid, especially a liquid.
Villous
Relating to villi. Shaggy; covered with villi.
Villus
A projection from the surface, especially of a mucous membrane. If the projection is minute, as from a cell surface, it is termed microvillus. An elongated dermal papilla projecting into an intraepidermal vesicle or cleft.
Viral
Of, pertaining to, or caused by a virus.
Virile
Relating to the male sex. Manly, strong, masculine. Possessing masculine traits.
Viscera
Singular, meaning same as above.
Visceral
Relating to the viscera.
Viscus
An organ of the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, and endocrine systems as well as the spleen, the heart and great vessels; hollow and multilayered walled organs studied in splanchnology.
Viscous
Sticky; marked by high viscosity (the resistance to flow or alteration of shape by any substance usually applied to liquids as the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Yoke
A crossbar with two U-shaped pieces that encircle a pair of oxen or other draft animals.
Yolk
The yellow, usually spherical portion of an egg of a bird or reptile, surrounded by the albumen and serving as nutriment for the developing young
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